Assignment B: Production Research

Questions

1. What factors make up the budget for a radio advertisement campaign?

Cost of voice over fees is one of the main factors that makes up a radio budget. Fees for voice over artists vary depending on whether the voice is of a celebrity, the amount of skill and experience and the type of voice over season. Voice over artists are normally paid by the hour. Another factor relating to this is that when the recording will be broadcasted. A buy out clause is an accordance where the voice receives an additional fixed fee in return for releasing the rights to his or her voice. For instance, if a celebrity records a voice for a toy (IE Buzz Light Year) they will be paid the BSF and a buy out in return for the rights to use that recording that will last forever.

Scheduling and billing is another factor that relates to radio budgets. Once you get your commercials produced, you'll need to decide when you want them to go on the air. You can therefore choose from two basic types of schedules. Stations would usually decide when your commercials as well as the specific time of the day that each commercial will be played. The second type is target placed, or "flights." This strategy gives you the opportunity to decide when each commercial is played and for how many weeks during the month. Skilled radio advertising people can help you develop effective "flights." Just know that scheduled spots are more expensive, because costs are based on both inventory and the demand for particular times. For example: morning and evening drive times are more expensive than midnight or early in the morning. Some ROS placements are less expensive than scheduled placements; however, they are typically less effective.

Production Facilities - Usually your radio station will be able to help, and for two or three hundred pounds produce a quality radio commercial. The commercial production rate should include the scripting by a trained copywriter, licensing of music and Equity Voice Overs for broadcast on one radio station. You may want other services such as music production, celebrity voices or broadcast on multiple stations.  The copy needs to be crystal clear and not muddied by trying to cutesy in your pitch. Voice talent can be as simple to find as calling the radio station. Most Stations have a complete list of voice talent in your area. You send the script, they voice it. Frequency is the key so make sure your ad hits the mark and will get the consumer's attention the first time. It is vital your ad stands out and conveys your message repeatedly.

Creative costs -  A simple advertisement for a small station will usually cost £200-£300. London stations and Digital Stations can cost up to ten times that. The price usually includes: Script writing, Audio production, Actors to voice the ads, Music and Sound effects. Good writers and producers make a huge difference to your campaign. Don't be tempted to use an unproven writer or producer to get cheaper creative. Stations can and do refuse to broadcast audio that breaches the complex radio be he heard.  As with print once a script is approved for production, changes  will incur extra costs. However you can usually re-licence your ad for additional stations or a longer time for a proportion of the original fee.

What is a music bed, and what are the three types ? Explain in your own words.

Music bed it is the layer of instrumental music and sound effects that lies under the voice over. The music bed is usually adjusted in radio commercials when the announcer in the radio advert begins to speak. Three types of music beds are: Live music recorded with the speech, using a live band or single musician, Library music-often copyright and Production music, -via CD or created 'in house' by a record band/artist recorded or on software such as Garage Band. 

Live music recorded with speech, using a live band or single musician would be a better type of music bed than Library music - often copyright free, because you as the individual alongside other people at the Live music recorded with speech would be able to make some significant changes to improve the music bed for a radio commercial, whereas with Library music it is via a CD, so therefore it has been done by someone else, so that person would be not able to make changes to improve music bed.

Why does it cost money to use a pop song in a radio advert ? What type of licence would you need to apply for ?
If you plan on using music produced by somebody else, you will need to obtain permission as the composition is covered by copyright.
Mechanical: Permission to reproduce, royalties paid to artist, writer and publisher based on numbers sold.
Performance: Blanket licence giving permission to broadcast/perform live, royalties paid to artist, writer and publisher when song is played or performed.
In Radio commercial production you need a Synchronization licence which allows songs/music to be reproduced in a television program, film, radio and commercials as background music.

(a) Production facilities available at the radio station itself ? 
Normally your radio station will be able to help, and for two or three hundred pounds produce a quality radio commercial. The commercial radio rate should include the scripting by a trained copywriter, licensing of music and Equity Voice Overs for broadcast on one radio station. You may want to consider other services such as music production, celebrity voices or broadcast on multiple stations. The scriptwriting is free offered by a station is free on the basis that they produce the commercial. Many radio station have a dedicated studio for commercial production, or sometimes they are part of a group wit centralised facilities.
(b) An external production house ?
Another alternative is an "Out of House" Production facility with so many small radio stations opening the future of "Out of Station" or "Out of House" Production Companies seems bright.
Some radio stations may only have three or four full time staff and cannot afford to employ writers and producers for their smaller local clients. This is where Production Houses do not use experienced radio writers, the writers are often completely isolated from the client with no contact (which is also referring that in fact the client is often the radio station.

Evaluation of Radio Advert

For this evaluation, I am going to discuss about my radio commercial I have produced. My radio advert involved two actors and a voiceover. My radio commercial is about promoting a new phone which is the IPhone 8 Infinity. Based on the radio commercial itself I personally think that I did a professional job of producing the commercial. There was no hesitations when the actors spoke in the radio commercial, therefore what they said was very clear for the audience to hear. In terms of tone and pace when the actors were speaking I personally thought it matched the rest of the radio advert which is very positive for the sake of the target audience.

Use of creativity and flair was used in my radio advert in order to make the commercial effective. For example, I used the panning technique to split the conversation so that when I put my earphones it would feel that one person is speaking on the right and the other person is speaking on the left. The effect of this in terms of the audience it would make it very authentic in other words it would make it as a real conversation. So that is the reason why I used this technique to add creativity to my radio commercial. Another technique effect I also implemented in my radio advert was the fade technique. I used it at the beginning of the advert, to add a little bit of tension the advert before my actor started to speak and I used at the end of the radio advert to demonstrate the official ending of the radio commercial in a calm way. Lastly, another technique effect I used in the commercial was a sound effect and the type of sound effect I used was a stinging noise like a bell to convey for instance, when Person 1 mentioned that "you should get the IPhone 8 Infinity it is one of the best phones out right now" after she said that the sting noise appeared and then it appeared again the radio commercial after Person 1 said that "It has so many amazing features, the camera is amazing, there are many apps, the screen is protected. And when you zoom in there are barely any pixels. This presents that I have used this technique to feel like ideas was popping and therefore the use of the sound effect would make it feel like a good idea was mentioned by one of the actors based on the IPhone 8 Infinity. Before the sound effects of the stinging noise was introduced during the radio commercial, there was background noise at the beginning of the radio advert of students talking. This was done to demonstrate that my radio commercial took place at college and it would also be easy for my target audience to identify the setting of the radio advert.

My radio commercial was recorded independently in terms of organisation and recording the voices of the actors. However, it didn't quite match the treatment plan and script for this specific radio commercial. The reason being is that for my unique selling point for the IPhone 8 Infinity I mentioned things such as: large storage space, many apps, use of camera and battery life. But I didn't mention all of these things for my final script version. Another reason it didn't match the original intention of the script for this advert is because I had to make changes to some of the lines, because it was not very conversational in a sort of way and therefore I wanted to make my script more enthusiastic to make it appealing for my target consumers. For example, for Person 1 she was originally supposed to say after the background noise of students talking mentioning that "You are still using an IPhone 5c in 2017? You need to upgrade to a better IPhone than that one as soon as possible! and then I changed it to "You're still using the IPhone 5c in 2017 you need to upgrade ASAP! Secondly, there was another example when Person 1 was originally supposed to say after Person 2 mentioned that "Yeah I know, but I don't know what IPhone to get." Person 1 originally mentioned "The IPhone 8 Infinity is available at Carphone Warehouse. It is one of the best IPhones out at the current moment  with the best features." Then I changed the lines so that Person 1 says that "You should get the IPhone 8 Infinity it is one of the best phones out right now." These were some of the examples I made significant changes to the script to make it more conversational and more easier for the audience. In terms of booking a studio to record the voice of my actors I hired room 219 to record the voices and this was done in college as well so, therefore in terms of cost we didn't pay any money since the college provided for me. I hired to actors one girl and one boy for my voices and the use of equipment that was available was a laptop only and the software I used was Garangeband to record the voice of my actors as well as me - for the voiceover. I personally thought that I done this in a professional way in terms of organising everything on time and taking good care of the equipment which was the laptop.

Judging on my radio advert I think that I did a great job for my radio commercial I was able to add techniques, sound beds and fades to make my radio advert more appealing and interesting so that when others listen to it, they will likely have positive review on the radio commercial due to me being creative. I thought that the volume levels of my actors were loud and clear to hear it wasn't too loud or too quiet. Overall for this radio advertisement production the fact, it was my first time doing this especially on a software that I have not used before so I thought I did a great job.
Based on feedback from another person after he listened to the advert, the positive thing he said about the commercial is that it was well structured and the quality of the sound of the actors and sound bed was very good. The only negative thing he mentioned is that there was a technical error when one of my actors was speaking. Her line was "Yeah definitely man you don't wanna be stuck with 5c forever do you have to start a new way of thinking" After she said "do you" the word 'you' didn't come out fully and therefore it jumped to the next word too soon. So I changed that error to make sure there was a gap after the 'you' to make the line more smooth instead of being rushed.

If I was to do this next time what I would do differently is that next time if I mention that my advert will be exact 40 seconds for example it would be exact 40 seconds. Because the radio commercial that I produced was 42 seconds and I tried to trim it down to 40 seconds, but there was nothing I could specifically do to make it happen. So my aim to differently next time is to be precise with my radio advertisement time. Another thing I would do differently next time I produce a radio commercial for my alternative advert is that I included a celebrity endorsement which was David Beckham, but the problem would be that it would be difficult to get him to be my voice for my advert since he is a world known celebrity, so I would choose a different person that I know would be able to be one of my actors for the alternative advert.

Treatment Plan: Radio Advert

Client: IPhone 8 Infinity a new product from the Apple Cooperation focused on new features and designs which is set apart from the previous models and other phones on the market. 

Purpose of Campaign: The IPhone 8 Infinity will be selling a product, as well as information and maybe special offers in terms of the price offer of the product alongside deals such as minutes of text and calls and the usage of data. The IPhone 8 Infinity would definitely be selling a product, because people would be interested to buy the product if it was radio advertised appropriately for example. This product could appeal to those who own an IPhone or others who own other phones. The use of information in terms of the design and quality of the phone that is something the consumers would want to know about the product.

Unique Selling Point: The IPhone 8 Infinity is a phone product from the Apple company. The reason this IPhone stands out to any other IPhone is because it has the largest storage space than any other IPhone, so that is helpful so that the audience would be able to save loads of photos, videos and also download more apps to retrieve on their IPhone 8 Infinity.  The battery life will be better comparing to other IPhones. That is very useful for the consumers, because they would be able to use the product for longer and also nowadays people are carrying their chargers so the fact more battery life will be introduced to the IPhone 8 Infinity would make less people carry their chargers. So that is the reason I think that this product stands out above other IPhones.

Placement: One potential radio station that I could use to advertise my IPhone 8 Infinity is called iHeartRadio. This type of radio advert although music is played through that radio, however this radio station is also used to advertise mobile phones especially IPhones.  So I thought iHeartRadio would be a good radio station to advertise my IPhone 8 Infinity, because teenagers as well as adults tend to listen to music and promotions on that specific radio station, and I also thought that it would catch the consumers attention if I was to advertise my product on this radio station. My target audience for my advertisement of my product will refer to teenagers and adults that love IPhones. If I was to organise to advertise my product on radio, I would probably do it during day time. The reason being is that my target audience would be listening to this radio station during the day time and that would increase more listeners for the sake of my product. I will have to also take in mind that adults and teenagers are always busy during the day, so I will have to carefully consider when to advertise my product on the radio.

Production Roles: Radio commercial producers create radio advertising in response to clients briefs and station promotions for radio stations. This brings together high-level radio production skills with an understanding of the creative potential of radio and audio content to market and sell products and services. Radio Commercial Producers may manage client briefings, generate and pitch ideas, and write scripts or work with writers. They may cast actors and voiceovers, select music, and organise and run recording sessions. They may also edit and produce finished commercials and other advertising materials.

Broadcast Assistants work in both speech-based and music radio, offering practical support to Producers and Presenters. They carry out a wide range of key administrative tasks to ensure the smooth running of live and recorded radio programmes, and may also help with research, planning and production. This job title is mainly used within the BBC entry-level roles. It is not often used in commercial radio where where the job title Producer is broader and may apply to a range of roles at different levels, and where a Broadcast Assistant's duties are shared between Producers, Presenters and others. The work is mostly produced in the office and studio bases, but can include work on location. Broadcast Assistant's must be aware of the characteristics of the target audience. They must deal with correspondence and queries. They are expected to retrieve information for research purposes and must ensure that it is correct.

Actors interpret others' words in order to bring a script to life, and to put flesh and blood on the characters they portray. Theirs is the public face of a production, representing many others' work and efforts. It is rare for the public to see the Scriptwriter, the Producer, or the Director - their perception is based on what the Actors portray on screen. They usually work across television, theatre, film and radio, each requiring some specific skills. Some may also work as models or provide voice-overs for commercials, documentaries, talking books, dubbed foreign language films and others. For some roles, they carry out large research, for others their character is moulded and developed during rehearsals. They work with the Director to create believable, natural characters based and built on the Scriptwriter's words.

Radio Traffic Managers work only in commercial radio and are responsible for scheduling advertising and promotions in line with the station's business strategy, aiming to maximise revenue.
They run traffic teams, the purpose of which is to schedule commercial airtime and station promotions. The teams also produce data analysing the effectiveness of campaigns for the sales team and clients. Juggling competing demands is highly-pressurised work. Radio Traffic Managers must be able to prioritise to meet tight deadlines.
They work closely with colleagues in sales and marketing, sponsorship, promotions, events, publicity and programming. They handle bookings and communicate availability to the sales team. It is also their responsibility to make sure that all commercial activity is delivered to the clients and agencies with pleasure.
They must be responsible for ensuring that all broadcast material obeys with the law, regulation and industry codes. The material must meet the station's audio quality guidelines and all music must be correctly reported within the terms of the station's music licences.

On a personal level the one I will be able to possess will be voice acting (Actors). The reason being is that my voice is going to heard in the radio advert and part of my job is create a decent script that would make my radio commercial extremely good for the producers and also for my target audience.



Budget: Some of the equipment I am going to use they do cost money, but when I am coming to use the equipment I wouldn't necessarily have to pay to use them, because the college will provide me with the equipment to use to advertise my radio commercial. I would have to also think about the cost of scheduling and billing although the college will provide me with it, so no cost is included in that situation. I will also have to think the cost of money in terms of when I am going to advertise my radio commercial, because for example if I was to advertise in the morning and evening drive times that would be more expensive than midnight or early in the morning. However, since I am a college student no funds are included since I am likely going to produce my radio commercial in college and the teachers will help me with my production. In theory the voice actors, would cost money, but since I am going to do my radio commercial in college I wouldn't have to for anything since I am a college student.

26.2 Old Films For New

Introduction:
Production context is the social and economical aspects around a film. So for example what is financially available and what is popular in society at the time. Understanding films through contexts means knowing the conditions that surround filmmaking, how societal attitudes at the time that influenced its content to help the viewers completely understand the film.
The original and remake films I have selected are The Karate Kid 1984(original) and the remake of the same title of the film, 2010 edition. The Karate Kid 1984 original version was released on 22nd June 1984 and the production houses that were responsible for this film were Columbia Pictures Corporation, Delphi II Productions and Jerry Weintraub Productions. For the remake, The Karate Kid 2010 version was released on 11th June 2010 and the production houses that were responsible for the remake were Overbook Entertainment, JW Productions and China Film Group. The director for the original version was named John G. Avildsen, alongside him was produced by Jerry Weintraub and written by Robert Mark Kamen. The remake version of The Karate Kid 2010 was directed Harald Zwart and alongside that it was produced by Jerry Weintraub, Will Smith, Jada Pinkett Smith, James Lassiter and Ken Stovitz. It was written by Robert Mark Kamen, he previously wrote the original version one.
The reason I think the two films are different is because the producers and technical people have done it in a way to make it interesting. So for example the 1984 edition was shown for that particular target audiences at that time so therefore, the use of colours for the film and setting would have been slightly different, although it was set in America would have been a little bit old fashioned in terms of the cities and also the costume and props. Whereas with the remake it was set in 2010, so that would have been our generation so the use of colours, prop and costumes would have been much better than the one in 1984, because since the editing for films would have improved vastly and very good use of equipment would have come into massive play, in contrast to the 1984 version these sort of things were not particular amazing at the time.



Synopsis: 
The Karate Kid original version. Newly arrived in California from New Jersey, teenager Daniel LaRusso almost immediately runs a foul of karate-trained high school bullies. He is rescued by Japanese caretaker Miyagi, who agrees to teach Daniel how to harness karate for good instead of cruelty. The film culminates in a championship karate bout, pitting Daniel against his sworn enemy Johnny - the cruel and mean ex-boyfriend of Ali, with whom Daniel has fallen in love. Unexpectedly Daniel reaches the final and he defeats Johnny as he delivered a kick to Johnny's chin to win the tournament. Having gained respect towards his nemesis, Johnny takes Daniel's trophy from the master of ceremonies and presents it to Daniel himself as Daniel is carried off by the enthusiastic crowd.



The Karate Kid remake version. The story once again involves a kid being packed up by his divorced mum and forced to leave his hometown and friends and move far away - from Detroit to Beijing, this time. He hates it. Then a cute young violinist named Meiying smiles at him, and life looks more promising - if it weren't for the school bully Cheng.  Cheng and his group of friends bully Dre a lot during the first stages of the film. The story proceeds, as it must, with Dre slowly softening the heart of Mr Han, who saves him from a beating by Cheng and agrees to teach him the secrets of kung fu. Training goes well, and Dre and Meiying make a deal to attend each other's big events: his kung fu tournament and her musical audition. At the tournament, Dre is initially intimidated, but soon begins beating his opponents and advances to the semi finals. Dre comes up against Liang, one of Li's more sympathetic students and the least vicious of Dre's tormentors. Liang severely hurts Dre's leg and is disqualified as a result, while Dre is taken to the infirmary. Dre comes up against Cheng in the final after a tough and long match against him he eventually won the competition along with the respect of Cheng and his classmates. Cheng, instead of the presenter, awards Dre the trophy, and Fighting Dragons students bow to Mr Han in respect, accepting him as their new master - much to Li's dismay.



Although these two films had a similar storyline however, there were things that were different in terms of the plot.
Firstly, for the original version, Daniel and his mother Lucile both had a skin colour of white and also they moved from one city to another(from Newark, New Jersey to Reseda, Los Angeles, California) within the same country. Whereas, with the remake version Dre and his mother Sherry move from Detroit to Beijing after Sherry gets a job transfer at a car factory.


The big difference is that with the remake it was set in a different location and also moving from your home to a different country for good is a massive change in terms of the language barrier, culture, meeting different people and the lifestyle so it would have been difficult for Dre at the beginning of the film as it was shown in the film as evidence. For example Dre did not understand Chinese so it was hard for him to communicate with the local Chinese people due to language barrier. Dre and Sherry were both black, so that was a big difference if you was to compare it to the original version. Maybe they have done this to make it interesting and also to make the audience kind of ponder a bit, because usually when karate comes to comes to mind it is usually referred to the Asian countries such as: China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea and Hong Kong.

In terms of the relationship between the main character and the mum it is very different. Daniel and his mum have a very decent relationship together and they seem to get on well with each other without any problems. However, in the remake, although Dre loves his mum there were times in the film he got annoyed, because his mum was being too bossy towards him and she at times embarrassed Dre.  Also the way Dre spoke to his mum in the film is not usually the way how you should to speak to your mum, but that how it was plotted out in the remake.

In the original Karate Kid movie the music was provided by Bill Conti and featured songs were performed by various famous and about to be famous artists like Bananarama. The most well known from the 1984 Karate Kid is Jose Esposito's "You're The Best" But in the 2010 film lead actor, Jaden Smith has a hand in the musical side of the film. Jaden Smith sings the film's song "Never Say Never" with teen idol Justin Bieber. Jack Chan is also a well known singer in Asia. Kids of all ages will enjoy the new Karate Kid as they will not have experienced the original when it was released.


Original Compared To New Film

• The cultural background

Karate became something of an image for Japan's mysterious but devastating capabilities, enthralling audiences in films ranging from Showdown in Little Tokyo to the original Karate Kid. However, in the 1990's Japan collapsed into its lost decade of downturn, and so did much of the threat it had to seemed to pose Thereafter, the movies lost their passion for karate. In the remake film shows an American younger coming up against his enemies' techniques and turning them against their malicious practitioners. Things have, however, become worse since 1984. This time around however, Americans who're the persistent immigrants. Jaden Smith who played Dre Parker and his mum fled from Detroit, the city that's become a byword for America's economic distress, to seek a better life in thriving China. The sunny setting for decisive events has become Beijing, a glittering  city confirmed by people as a happy, healthy and sporty citizens who're treated in various ways as their capital.

Also in terms with the new Karate Kid version Dre Parker moves to Beijing with his mum, only to find himself bullied by a group of kung fu-practicing Chinese boys. With help from Mr Han, a kung fu expert disguised as maintenance guy, Dre finally defends himself and wins respect. Intentionally or unintentionally, the movie shows a China that is quite different from previous Hollywood productions with a Chinese setting. Firstly, China is not a country where everything is old. While looking at a tour book about China on the flight from Detroit to Beijing, Dre tells his mum: "Look everything in China is old." Soon in the movie Dre discovers that Beijing is, after all, not so foreign. When he switches on the TV, the first show he sees is Sponge Bob an American cartoon program, although translated into Chinese. Later after that he plays basketball with Chinese kids in a park, same game as he played in the US. He meets another American boy who lives in the same apartment building. Not to mention that he attends a school that enrolls quite some western teenagers, and everybody eats lunch very much the same way as in American schools, except for the use of chopsticks. American music is also not hard to find in Beijing. Going into a game room Dre, and his Chinese girl friend both show off some American dance on a dancing machine that not only plays American music, but also speaks English. Another image about China featured in this movie, but rarely in other Hollywood productions so far, is that of rich people in today's Beijing, which is new to Chinese society itself. A movie like this cannot totally leave out China's rich history and culture. Hence the scenes of the Forbidden City, the Taoist temple in Wudang Mountain, and of course the Great Wall. Comparing to the scenes of car-packed streets, junk stuffed narrow alleys. For example the messy and hectic inner city, which are fairly truthful image of life in Beijing, those from the famous places seem to demonstrate that China still has some beautiful places.

• Budget Assigned

The budget assigned for the original Karate Kid estimated around 8,000,000 and the gross pay was $90,800,00 (USA).  The remake of the Karate Kid earned $359.1 million on a $40 million budget. The remake was released on 11th June 2010 by Columbia Pictures to 3,663 theatres across the United States. The Karate Kid remake version topped the box office on its opening day, grossing $18.8 million, and in its opening weekend, grossing $56 million in North America, beating The A-Team (film) which grossed an estimated $9.6 million on the same opening day and $26 million in its opening weekend.

Who is making the film

• Production House
• Director
• Actors or Stars

For the original version of The Karate Kid the production that was responsible for this film had to obtain permission from DC Comics to use Karate Kid as the title of their film. The production houses that were involved for this film were: Columbia Pictures Corporation, Delphi II Productions and Jerry Weintraub Production. According to the special edition- DVD commentary, the studio originally wanted the role of Mr Miyagi to be played by Toshiro Mifune, but writer Robert Mark Kamen disagreed with that casting choice feeling that Mifune's interpretation of the character lacked the warmth and humour that the role needed. Mako was also considered for the role of Mr Miyagi, but was not available due to prior commitments to film Conan the Destroyer, though he would eventually play a similar role in the film Sidekicks. Jerry Weintraub was part of the production team as well as writer Robert Mark Kamen.

The actors or stars that were included were:

• Ralph Macchio - Daniel LaRusso
• Pat Morita - Kesuke Miyagi
• Elisabeth Shue - Ali Mills
• William Zabka - Johhny Lawrence
• Ron Thomas - Bobby Brown
• Rob Garrison - Tommy
• Chad McQueen - Dutch
• Tony O'Dell - Jimmy
• Martin Kove - John Kreese
• Randee Heller - Lucile LaRusso
• Julie Fields - Susan
• Frances Bay - Lady with Dog
• William Bassett - Mr Mills
• Chris Casamassa - Tournament guest
• Andrew Shue - Member of Cobra Kai

The production for this film, Columbia Pictures were responsible for this as well as Jerry Weintraub Production. However, Columbia Pictures may be one of the biggest production houses in a film context. However, when they produced The Karate Kid they had to go to the actual location which was San Fernando Valley and other L.A. area sites. It was even set during the time when Asian-American population in the United States would grow 70 percent in the 1980s, with much of that growth in West Coast cities. This presents that although it was produced by Columbia Pictures, they had to travel to the location to produce the film this also shows that there was lack of resources during those days and the fact they had to travel to produce the film determines the situation. So therefore the production of the Karate Kid 1984 version was as magnificent then during the 1980s.

In terms of the use of technology at the time, different kinds of camera shots were used at the time to convey image and interest to the film. For example there was a scene in the film when Daniel comes up against Johnny for the first time as this takes place at the beach party. The techniques that were used were high camera angles, full shot, his small size, the clothes he was wearing, the music whilst the fight took place and also the lighting was dark. The effects of these techniques were that the use of high camera angle made him look very vulnerable when he came up against Johnny who was much taller than him. Full shot was used to take in what he was wearing and his size as well. The use of music and lighting made the fight scene more dramatic and Daniel's size made him look weak. Also linked to the same scene, the camera angles and movements of Johnny was a vast difference to Daniel's. The techniques used were low camera angle, looks strong, big in size, a full shot, his clothes look rebellious, the setting was dark as well. The effect of these techniques were that his clothes made him look more intimidating and they used a full shot so the audience can take into his clothes and how it looks, they used a low camera angle to make him look stronger and tough, the setting made the scene more intense and Johnny's size mad him look more scary. In the final fight scene (the tournament finale.) The cinematographer captures various close ups shots to convey the actors emotions and to get more personal with the use of camera shots. Viewers will be able to experience these emotions as they are drawn closer into the actors facial expressions between Daniel and Johnny when they competed in the final. In terms of the music/sound effects during the tournament final, main character Daniel LaRusso builds his confidence through the increased sound effects of the audience cheering. Every time he successfully carries out a match, the crowds cheering gets louder and his mother approval gets even stronger. This encourages viewers to believe that he may have a chance to defeat his competitors. The use of lighting was altered in the final fighting scene. As the lights become dimmer and the shot becomes darker, this adds to the intensity of the scene and build up of the characters emotions. The editors of this film consistently cut back and forth between shots of the match and Daniel's mentor, Mr Miyagi. This gives the viewers the understanding that Daniel is constantly being reminded of the techniques his instructor has instilled in him. By cutting back to these shots, the audience get a close look at Miyagi's reactions as Daniel performs those skills he has been taught.


For the remake version of The Karate Kid. The production then which took place on November 10th 2008 was produced by Will Smith. It had been refashioned as a star vehicle for Jaden Smith. The remake borrowed elements from the original version plot, wherein a bullied youth learns to stand up for himself with the help of an eccentric mentor. On June 22nd 2009, Jackie Chan told a Los Angeles Chinatown concert crowd that he was leaving for Beijing to film the remake as Jaden Smith's teacher. Despite maintaining the original title, the 2010 remake does not feature karate, which is from Okinawa, Japan, but focuses on the main character learning kung fu in China. Sony had considered changing the title of the film, but Jerry Weintraub, one of the producers, rejected the idea. Weintraub was also the producer of the original Karate Kid. The production houses that were responsible for the remake were: Overbook Entertainment, JW Productions and China Film Group. The person who directed the film was Harald Zwart and for those people who were part of the production were: Jerry Weintraub, Will Smith, Jada Pinkett Smith, James Lassiter and Ken Stovitz.


The actors or stars that were included were:

• Jaden Smith - Dre Parker
• Jackie Chan - Mr Han
• Taraji P. Henson - Sherry Parker
• Wenwen Han - Meiying
• Zhenwi Wang - Cheng
• Yu Rongguang - Master Li
• Luke Carberry - Harry
• Zhensu Wu - Meiying's father
• Zhiheng Wang - Meiying's father
• Ji Wang - Mrs Po - The principal of Dre's new school
• Shija Lu - A classmate of Cheng's who is instructed by Master Li to cripple Dre during the tournament.

The production for the remake version of the Karate Kid I will say the production for this film was huge. The reason being is that during the production phase Jaden Smith's parents Will Smith and his wife Jada Pinkett Smith were heavily involved in the production since their son was going to be one of the cast members for the remake film. Also since they are big star celebrities in terms of the production. Funding issues would have not been a problem for them, due to their attachment and their brand identity in terms of acting. So therefore investment was not relied on heavily.  For the original version it would have been extremely hard for them at the time, because the cast members they had they were obviously famous at that time, but they were not big name celebrities at the time. In addition, so funding issues would have been a lot harder for their production at the time. With the remake version for their production they may have travelled around certain cities around China to produce the film, but also they would have edited the film to make it more realistic in terms of the use camera techniques and special effects. That is something the original version could not do at the time as I have mentioned that they would have likely went to their locations to produce the the film at the time.

The use of technology for the remake version would have a much more different to the original version, because technology would have improved vastly from the original Karate Kid version. For instance during the fight scene between Dre and the bully Cheng, during the beginning of the film. The camera cuts quickly as soon as Cheng throws Dre to the floor. The camera constantly cuts quickly back and forth between Cheng and Dre as the tension rises during that particular stage of the film. The use of sound bed that appeared during the fight scene definitely would have matched the situation between Dre and Cheng.  Although Cheng was a bit taller than Dre the audience can may argue that he wasn't that scary and big it just that he was more experience than Dre in terms of kung fu fighting at that time of the film. If you was to compare it to the original version Johnny was much taller than Daniel that his height was a huge advantage when he fought against Daniel. Another example of the use of technology in terms of the camera techniques was when Dre and Cheng competed in the final of the Kung Fu Championship. The pace of the camera cuts very quickly at the beginning of the contest between the two characters. There is a type of special effect when the camera suddenly turns into slow motion as Cheng takes out Cheng with his feet up in air first before he takes him out acrobatically. This is probably done to display the effect of how Cheng takes out Dre emphatically and also displaying that he won't be easy to beat.  There is another slow motion effect when Cheng kicks Dre's knee and the fact it is done as a slow motion presents that what Cheng did was a special way of taking down his opponent. Also as soon as Cheng performed that move, the look of Dre's face determines how bad it was and then there was a close up of Dre in real agony. Lastly, there was another slow motion move when Dre acrobatically finishes his opponent off to win the tournament. The use of technology for the remake version in terms of the use of camera has improved a lot if you was to compare it to the original version. The reason being is that back in the 1980s they wouldn't have not had slow motion effects during films and there is even evidence for it during the Karate Tournament. For example during the competition there was hardly any special effects during that particular part of the film, although the camera was cutting very quickly during fight when the players were fighting as well as Mr Miyagi and the Sensei. With the remake version it has also shown that technology has improved vastly since the 1980s and therefore it would have nice touch of effect to a film and it can be mentioned that The Karate Kid 2010 version is a good example in terms of the technology changing over the years.

• Some factors that would have affected the relationship between the film and their production context

Financial determinants
The budget of the newer version of The Karate Kid was 40 million dollars, whilst the budget of the older version was just 8 million dollars. Interestingly, the box office profits for the older version were $90,815,558. This was a very good figure for the time of the the film was released. Whilst the box office profit for the remake was a massive $359,126,022. This is to do with how the film was promoted, as well as the cost of the production.

Funding bodies
The funding body for the Karate Kid 2010 version were the Chinese Film Industry and for the original version it was Hollywood Studios



Quota
Although, the remake of the remake Karate Kid was set in China, the film still had to abide with the filming restriction rules in China which they are: Only 34 foreign features are allowed to be shown in Chinese cinemas each year. Co-productions, however are exempt from this strict quota system, giving them a huge advantage in the world's most populous nation. For a long time the Chinese government allows only 20 foreign films a year to be shown. Whereas with the original Karate Kid version they would not had to think about restrictions and those sort of things at the time.


Technologies of Production
The benefit of the newer film is that the technology used to film the film is more up to date and can be filmed in much higher quality. However, the downside to this is the cost of production is going to be more money than the older film. The difference between the original and the remake is that 3D technology was available although it wasn't used for the newer version of the Karate Kid whilst the original only had one outlet. The newer version was predominantly viewed at the cinema by fans then purchased on video tape, the main ways of promoting the film was through film trailer and movie posters. Another way in which technology has changed in viewing film experience is that films can now be purchased on Blu-ray DVD, which is higher quality viewing experience.

 Distribution and Exhibition
The differences between distributions of the films now from the original is massive there are so many ways in which the film can be viewed in different ways these include: obviously the same way was the original which is the cinema's and DVD which was video tape back then. The newer ways to distribute for the film to be seen include, applications such as Netflix and Love Film.

Market trends
The demand for fighting films isn't a massive one with in the film industry, but however they're fairly popular when released like the Karate Kid has shown, other films that have been popular in the fighting film culture, other examples of fighting films include the self titled 'Fighting' and also Never Back Down starring martial artist Michael Jai White.

Genres
The Karate Kid has more than one official genre, it fits under four different movie genres, the first being drama, the second being a family film, the third being an action film and the fourth being a sporting film due to it being about sport. The main genre of the Karate Kid is predominantly action due to its fighting nature and the film based on fighting and violence. This was the same theme for both Karate Kid films because they are very similar in the story line and the theme throughout is martial arts.

Stars
The newer film stars Jaden Smith and famous Karate specialist and actor Jackie Chan, the original stars Ralph Macchio and Noriyuki 'Pat' Morita. With the new version of the Karate Kid being set in China and the original version being set in the United States. The remake includes actress Taraji P. Henson and young Chinese martial artist and actor Zhenwei Wang. Also the fact they have included Jaden Smith in the remake makes him a unique selling point for the remake version due to his extremely famous father. Jaden Smith has appeared in some films before this such as the Pursuit of Happiness which he started in with his father, he also featured in the film The Day the Earth Stood Still. Both films used very small named actors and included lots of Martial artists with minimal acting experience to make the film feel as believable as possible and make it feel like the viewer is genuinely believing what is happening within the film.


Audience
First of all, for the original Karate Kid version the type of audience they would have it would have been different to the type of viewers the remake version would have had. For the original version most of the audiences that would have been viewing this at that time a lot of them would have been American since the film was set in America. Although then it would have eventually been released out into the world to attract more viewers. However, with the remake version it would have definitely attracted loads of audience due to it being a new generation of audiences than 26 years ago at the time when the new version was released. In addition, the fact Will Smith's son starred in the remake version would have attracted more consumers to watch the film since he is one of the famous actors out today. Also, the fact the film was set in Chinese territory would have made the film really interesting to watch. Also with actor Jaden Smith who played Dre Parker in the remake version it would be a different culture for him, despite him being from America. Relating to the audience again The Karate Kid remake version would have more viewers than the original version. More kids will watch the remake version than adults and teenagers due to Jaden Smith starring in the film.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, based on what I wrote. Firstly, I personally think that production in order to produce a film is definitely not easy in terms of the money and organisation. For example the production for the original Karate Kid would have been harder than the remake. The reason being is that they didn't have well known actors at the time, whereas with the remake the main character the audiences were interested to see was Jaden Smith. In addition, for the original version they would have likely had to shoot their filming at the location which involved travelling and therefore cost of money would have increased even more. With the original and remake versions of the Karate Kid the fact, they had similar story lines that would definitely make it interesting for the audiences then and now respectively. In my opinion this was a good idea to attract more consumers to watch the films and also review the films in terms of which one is better and why and all those sorts of things. Between the original and the remake versions technology has played a big part since the original version was officially out, because before then if you were to go to a cinema during the 1980's there were no 3D technology and special effects and then after that since then technology has improved vastly in terms of today watching films with 3D glasses and the use of special effects that occurs in films adds real rhythm to films.

Reference:

http://www.laweekly.com/arts/how-a-movie-shot-in-the-san-fernando-valley-made-us-all-the-karate-kid-4790700

https://prezi.com/1v7f_jooj2bx/karate-kid/ http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat7/sub42/item241.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Karate_Kid_(2010_film) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Karate_Kid http://oldfilmsfornewlewis.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/0-0-1-401-2286-bbc-19-5-2682-14.html

Analysing Two Radio Adverts

Analysing Two Radio Adverts

Lemsip: Cupboard

Content:

The content of this advert tell us as the audience that first of all, the husband is suffering from an chest infection. He then asks his wife if there is any chest infection medicine to help get rid off his chest infection. Then his wife tells him that the Lemsip is in the cupboard. After that, the husband starts to have doubts thinking that it might be a different type of medicine to the infection he is suffering from. But his wife repeatedly says that it is lemsip multi-relief and that type of medicine helps to get rid of all the symptoms at once. Then this radio advert further tells us that it is an effective medicine that helps to relieve multiple cold and flu symptoms in one go, and it also conveys to us that we should try lemsip multi cold relief the most complete cold and flu remedy.




Style:
The style of this radio advert, I will say it is simple, and with some factual information as well. Firstly, the reason it is a simple advert is because relating to the content of the radio advert it was referring to the man suffering from an chest infection and his wife offers his help, when he was in need of it. The man's wife mentions to him that there is lemsip multi-relief in the cupboard. From that particular moment from an audience perspective view most of them would know what is lemsip - due to it being a popular medicine to cure cold and flu symptoms. Certain parts of this radio advert I will say it is factual, the reason being is that when the husband says "Great what if it's favoury  chesky ache" and then his wife mentions"still lemsip multi relief, it helps you release symptoms all at once". There was another factual information at the end of the radio advert when there was a voiceover talking about the lemsip multi cold relief being the most complete cold and flu remedy. This demonstrates that the use of factual information could help the consumers consider to buy lemsip multi relief in the future if they are likely to be sick and therefore need a good medicine to help them make a significant recovery.




Purpose:
The main purpose of this radio commercial is very informational, because this advert has mentioned a lot of things about the Lemsip Multi Relief medicine, in terms recovering from cold and flu symptoms. From there the audience would feel satisfied about this specific product and the product would introduce a lot of awareness around the world possibly.


Use of voiceover:
The use of voiceovers are used in this radio advert, to add a narrative to the radio advert, so the audience understand the radio ad clearly. This kind of voiceover it is very conversational between the husband and the wife roughly discussing about the Lemsip Multi Relief medicine which cures the cold and flu illnesses people suffer from. The fact it is conversational would help the audience listen to the radio advert with real interest and also that sort of conversational voiceover would be a perfect example if someone was suffering from a chest infection. In addition, as you would notice the way this conversational voiceover is presented it would be expected in a normal life situation when someone is usually unwell.


Use of sound bed:
There were some sound effects in the background, but not significantly. Firstly there was noises of someone in the radio advert stirring the cuppa, as you could hear the spoon rattling on to the cup. That is a perfect example if someone was suffering from a chest infection, that person would usually drink coffee or tea to keep themselves warm. Also during the radio commercial, the husband was sniffing a lot to demonstrate that has been extremely ill and from that type of situation he could probably be suffering from more than one symptom, because the fact he was sniffing could suggest that he has a flu as well as a chest infection. Lastly, another sound effect was heard during the radio advert, when the wife tells her husband that there is Lemsip Multi Relief and then after she tells him that it gets rid off all symptoms at once, he then opens the little box packet. As he was opening it when he mentions "Oh we got Lemsip ooh". From that particular line in the radio commercial the noise of the Lemsip box packet was heard and that shows that he was opening it to take some in order to make a speedy recovery from his illness.



Persuasive techniques:
The persuasive techniques of this product is that the fact it is a medicine that helps with your health conditions. This would convince the audience to listen to the radio advert and then after eventually buy the product. Lemsip Multi Relief is the type of medicine that gets rid off all symptoms at once, so therefore that would massively help in such a way for those are suffering from cold and flu illnesses. Also, the fact Lemsip is one of the top known medicines for cold and flu illnesses would increase the income of the product.






Subway: Immortal

Content:
The content of this second radio advert I am going to analyse is about Subway Singapore recently launched Multigrain bread as a healthier alternative. Firstly, the radio adverts mentions "You want to be a mortal, to be mortal you need to be a hero (mortal also known as living human forever). To be a hero you need to save that cute little kitten. To save that, you need to climb a tree." Then halfway through the radio advert it mentions that "To climb a tree you need to be fit, to be fit you need to choose subways fresh fit subs with a new multi grained bread." From there they have introduced the multi grained bread sub for a healthier choice and it is also packed with nutrients and, therefore it will give someone the fitness that person needs to save the kitten. Lastly it says that "To be the hero you need to be a mortal. It all starts with a new multi grain bread in Subway eat fresh!" That would demonstrate that multi grain bread is the flourishing choice in terms of keeping fit and having a good diet.




Style:
The style of this radio advert, I will say it is somehow surreal (strange) at the beginning of the radio advert, because the voiceover mentions "You want to be a mortal, to be mortal you need to be a hero. To be a hero you need to save that cute little kitten. To save that kitten, you need to climb a tree....." Relating to these quotes at the beginning of the radio advert,  maybe some people will probably think what's going on thats got nothing to do with the title of the radio advert which is Subway Immortal. The fact the voiceover is mentioning heroes, mortals and kittens will probably make the audience ponder about the radio advert at the beginning. This radio advert would also be memorable to the consumers, because the fact they have mentioned about saving a kitten from a tree you will need to be fit to do that and that is relating to the fresh fit subs with new multi grained breads.




Purpose:
The purpose of this specific radio commercial is to firstly, raise brand awareness of Subway, despite the fact they have introduced a fresh fit new sub multi grained bread. The reason it is probably raising brand awareness is that Subway wants to maintain their best fast food restaurant franchise status in the world, so hence they have probably introduced a new fresh sub to draw the audience's attention to consider Subway more. Another purpose for this radio commercial could also be informative as well, because the radio advert provided appropriate information about the new fresh sub and it also mentioned it is packed with nutrients as well. So from there that would present the fact they have provided efficient nutrients to the multi grained bread sub and that would definitely draw the audience in and eventually buy that type of sub sandwich from Subway for a healthy lifestyle.




Use of voice:
The use of voiceover in this radio advert I will say the style of this voiceover is like direct address of the listener, because it feels like the person who is speaking on the radio advert is talking to us. There is further evidence of this when the person who presents the start of this radio advert mentions "You want to be a mortal to be mortal you need to be a hero". From that first line in the radio advert there is use of direct address and therefore that would definitely draw the audience into the radio advert and it also feels that they are heavily involved by listening. In the voiceover the use of the word 'you' was heavily used in this radio advert and that demonstrates that it felt like a conversation in a sort of way between the person who is speaking in the radio advert and the audience who are listening, although it doesn't feel much like a proper conversation, the fact the voiceover is from the radio commercial.




Use of sound bed:
There are different use of sound sting effects in this radio advert. Firstly, as soon as it mentions "You want be a mortal, to be mortal you need to be a hero". There was cheering noises in the background to demonstrate the hero effect relating to the radio commercial. Secondly, as soon as it mentions "To be a hero you need to save that cute little kitten". Then there was a sound effect of the kitten making the 'MEOW' noise to convey that it was a kitten. Thirdly, when the voiceover mentions "To save that kitten, you need to climb a tree". The use of sound effect that was presented in that situation was the leaves whooshing away in the wind whilst on the trees or maybe some of them could have been floating away slowly. Furthermore, the sounds in the background continued when the voiceover mentions yet again "To climb a tree you need to be fit". The use of the sound effect was a whistle blowing and that would relate to fitness, because whistles are used a lot during physical activities. Overall all of these sound effects were very effective in this radio commercial to add creativity and flair, although there was a voiceover to tell the narrative of the radio advert, but the use of sound bed made this radio advert really interesting in a sort of way.




Persuasive techniques:
The persuasive techniques of this radio commercial is that one of the main benefits about this radio advert relating to the consumers is that they can try out a fresh new sub. Furthermore, the fact it is a healthy choice could sway towards the audience and therefore they could end up buying that particular sub sandwich more frequently. There are people out there today who like to keep themselves fit and live a healthy lifestyle, so the multi grained bread sub would be the perfect example for those sort of people to have. Lastly, the fact they have introduced a fresh new sub sandwich would convince the consumers to go to Subway more frequently and from there Subway as a fast food restaurant franchise will definitely be raising brand awareness, despite the fact they are well known.


Regulation guidelines:
The regulatory bodies for these radio adverts will fall under ASA also known as Advertising Standards Authority. Both of these radio adverts must apply to this regulation code, because the whole point of this. So that there are no inappropriate things linked to these radio adverts I have chose to analyse. If anything was to go wrong, so for example the Lemsip Cupboard radio commercial if that particular radio advert was presented in an offensive way such as harmful words for instance, therefore that radio advert would not be able to published.
Another example relating to this radio advert is that if children were listening to this radio commercial they will have to make sure that there are no physical violences, mental health issues and moral harm to this radio advert, because children do not need these type of nonsense and therefore it could affect them in such a way that it could damage their morale.
Lastly, false advertising alongside false information is hugely wrong in any radio commercial. So for example if the Lemsip Cupboard radio commercial had the health benefits or contains very good vitamins or minerals, however it does not in fact. Then that would be hugely wrong radio advertisements must be extremely appropriate alongside trusted information.